☰
✕


HOTEL BUSINESS REVIEW

FOCUS:

 

Thermal De-Stratification as a Strategy for Environmentally-Friendly Hotels

By Richard Halsall CEO, Exhale Fans | November 2025

In recent years, sustainability has shifted from being a niche interest to a mainstream expectation across nearly every industry, especially the hospitality trade. Hospitality, in particular, has experienced a surge in demand for environmentally responsible practices, as consumers increasingly prioritize eco-conscious choices when selecting hotels.

This change is driven by a combination of heightened environmental awareness, generational shifts in values, the rise of corporate responsibility, and the influence of digital platforms that spotlight sustainability efforts. Energy costs are rising at a rapid pace affecting all parts of our economy. The impact on the Hotel industry is apparent.

During the late 1970’s operators offered HBO to increase occupancy in a retracting economy. De-Stratification offers similar benefits, with an added feature of cost reduction. The removal of paddle / bladed fans in rooms due to safety can now be revisited with new de-stratification non bladed fans. In short add comfort to the occupant while you save on energy expense.

For hotels, the movement toward environmental responsibility is no longer optional; it has become central to brand reputation, competitive positioning, and long-term profitability.

  • A 2023 Booking.com survey of over 33,000 travelers globally found 76% want to plan more sustainable travel in the coming year. (World Economic Forum )
  • Similarly, Virtuoso (luxury travel network) found 78% of luxury travelers prefer companies with strong sustainability policies. (Forb es.)
  • Roughly 40% to 50% of travelers say they would pay a little more for certified sustainable travel options. (World Economic Forum )
  • In one survey, 85.6% of respondents said they’d pay extra for an eco-friendly hotel, with more than half willing to pay 11-25% more per night. (Operto )
  • Millennials, Gen Z are more likely to prefer green hotels, or to factor sustainability into their booking decisions. (ZipDo )
  • Younger travelers are more willing to pay a premium if the hotel has green credentials. (Operto )
  • Certifications / eco-labels, visible initiatives are important in trust and decision-making. (ZipDo )

Hotels are particularly energy-intensive buildings with complex HVAC needs. They are large public spaces with multi-story guestroom stacks featuring hundreds or rooms in which each guest can control their own climate. They also have laundry, kitchens, pools, and large square footage areas such as gyms, restaurants and meeting spaces, all with varied climate demands.

For hoteliers aiming to reduce their carbon footprint, HVAC decisions are high impact: heating, cooling, ventilation, and controls together typically account for the majority of a hotel’s energy use. Within that mix, thermal de-stratification is a low-cost, high-value measure that reduces vertical temperature differences inside tall spaces, improves occupant comfort, and often reduces heating and cooling energy use.

The Problem: Thermal Stratification in Hotels

Thermal stratification is the layering of air by temperature in a vertical column. Warm air rises and collects near ceilings while cooler air remains in occupied zones near floors. In many hotels — atria, lobbies, ballrooms, high-ceiling restaurants, and even high-bay laundry or service areas — temperature differences between floor and ceiling can be several degrees Celsius (or more). These differences cause three problems.

The first is energy waste. Heating systems must produce enough warm air to satisfy thermostats, often mounted in upper zones or set to account for cold conditions. Meanwhile, the occupied zone stays cooler. In heating seasons this can cause over-running of the heating plant or increased thermostat setpoints

Another problem is guest comfort. Guests and staff experience cold floors, drafts, or the opposite - overheated upper zones. Inconsistent comfort reduces perceived quality and increases complaints.

Finally, and most importantly in terms of cost, is excess humidity and maintenance risks. In some climates and applications, stratification can encourage moisture accumulation at certain heights and increase mold or HVAC equipment stress, especially where condensation patterns change.

De-stratification directly addresses the vertical imbalance by mixing the air column, reducing the temperature gradient and bringing more warm air into the occupied zone in winter and balancing cooling in summer.

What Is Thermal De-Stratification?

De-stratification is a mechanical or passive strategy to reduce vertical temperature layering. The simplest and most common tactic is installing fans - ceiling fans, paddle fans, or purpose-built de-stratification fans - that move warmer ceiling air downward into occupied zones. Other strategies include using architectural features such as air scoops and displacement diffusers, or active HVAC control strategies that modulate supply air to encourage mixing. The goal is not to create uncomfortable drafts; it’s to gently mix the vertical column so that the temperature becomes more uniform.

When hotels adopt environmentally focused HVAC strategies such as high-efficiency boilers and chillers, heat recovery and heat pumps, energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) and demand-controlled ventilation (DCV), variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems, efficient distribution and controls, building envelope upgrades and renewable on-site generation.

Thermal de-stratification is complementary to all of these technologies. It is a low-cost retrofit that boosts the performance of other measures by ensuring that distributed heat from HVAC systems, solar gains, and occupants is used where it matters.

Compared to those larger capital investments, de-stratification typically has a much lower capital cost, a faster return on investment showing energy savings in months rather than years, far less disruption due to installation and construction and particularly good leverage in tall spaces such as atria, lobbies and ballrooms.

Consequently, de-stratification is typically one of the first “no-regret” measures in a sequence of sustainability retrofits - after envelope and controls improvements but before or alongside equipment replacement.

In heated spaces, de-stratification brings warm air from near the ceiling down into the occupied zone. That reduces the need for the heating plant to run as long to maintain occupant comfort at thermostat height. Typical case studies report heating energy savings in the range of 5 percent to 25 percent in suitable spaces, depending on ceiling height and prior stratification severity. Savings are larger in taller volumes and in buildings where thermostats are influenced by upper-level temperatures.

When cooling a hotel technique such as reversing fan direction can assist both temperature reduction and dehumidification performance by enabling lower chilled water setpoints with better distribution. Well-designed systems include seasonal control logic to avoid increasing cooling loads.

Beyond pure energy savings, guests experience more consistent temperatures at ankle, torso, and head heights. That translates to fewer thermostat overrides, lower complaint rates, and a perception of better environmental control — an important marketing point for eco-conscious hotels.

A particular benefit is reducing HVAC maintenance, extending the life of the equipment, and reducing the need for other facility upkeep related to humidity. By reducing the need for heating plant overshoot and minimizing on/off cycling, destratification can reduce wear on boilers and reduce fuel consumption spikes. It also helps HVAC systems operate closer to their designed conditions, improving overall efficiency.

A case study showed sharply positive benefits of thermal de-stratification in an ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings. Several hotel groups, installed de-stratification fans in large-volume, high-ceiling spaces. ACEEE

Warm air was stratifying near ceilings in the waterpark/large-volume spaces, causing heat loss, uneven comfort, and higher heating demand. De-stratification was chosen as a low-cost retrofit to reduce heat loss to the unoccupied ceiling zone and improve overall system efficiency.

Results / benefits reported:

  • The Focus on Energy program, through technical and financial assistance, helped hotel operators reduce energy use across many measures; the program reports cumulative savings for participating hospitality customers in the millions of kWh and thousands of therms annually.
  • Specifically, Focus on Energy helped Wisco Hotel Group and Wilderness Resorts implement de-stratification fans in their waterpark hotels as part of a broader package of efficiency measures. The paper notes program-assisted savings to date of about 2 million kWh for Wisco and 2.2 million kWh for Wilderness, plus tens of thousands of therms and hundreds of peak kW reductions across participating properties.
  • Other positive outcomes beyond direct energy savings included improved comfort, reduced pool-area heat losses, and sustained operator commitment to benchmarking and further efficiency projects.

Takeaway: For large hotel spaces (waterparks, atria, ballrooms), de-stratification fans - when deployed as part of an energy-management program and combined with other measures - can deliver measurable energy and cost savings, better thermal comfort, and validation through measurement and verification.

As mentioned before, many approaches to thermal de-stratification can be cost effective and non-intrusive. They include:

  • Ceiling / paddle fans are one low-cost method. Simple overhead fans suited for lower ceilings or where appearance is important. Best for gently moving air without creating noise or drafts.
  • High-volume, low-speed (HVLS) fans. These are large diameter fans that move large air volumes at low rotational speeds, ideal for large areas such as atria or ballrooms.
  • De-stratification down-blowers / axial fans. These are purpose-built downward-blowing fans designed to create a column of downward air to break warm layers near the ceiling.
  • Controlled diffusers and de-stratification vents: Integrated with air handling units to manage vertical distribution of conditioned air.
  • Intelligent controls: Variable speed drives and building management system integration with temperature and occupancy sensors to run de-stratification only when beneficial.

To be effective and comfortable, de-stratification systems must be designed with attention to placement, airflow patterns, and control.

Fans should be positioned to maximize mixing without creating direct drafts on occupants. In atria, fans are often centered or distributed to create gentle circulation patterns. In corridors or lobbies, multiple smaller fans may be preferable.

The goal is gentle mixing. Occupied zones typically require velocities in the low range to avoid drafts. HVLS fans achieve mixing with low velocity at occupant level while moving large volumes aloft. Building management systems or simple thermostatic switching to ensure fans run when heating benefits outweigh cooling penalties. Some systems reverse fan direction or modulate speed seasonally.

De-stratification fans can be incorporated into the building management system and use temperature sensors at multiple heights to drive operation or use occupancy schedules for ballrooms and event spaces. All of the methods generate little or no noise, add to the aesthetics of a building, and can be easily accessed for maintenance.

And there are some clear choices on how to prioritize the installation of thermal de-stratification technology. Some areas provide an immediate and overwhelming return on a small investment.

Public spaces with high ceilings such as lobbies, atria, ballrooms and restaurants with ceiling heights of 13 feet or more will show immediate climate improvement and cost savings from thermal de-stratification, as will areas that are only occasionally occupied, such as large meeting halls. The improvements also will be large and immediate for buildings with older, inefficient HVAC systems and facilities where changes to an older structure’s envelope are impractical or expensive.

Thermal de-stratification is ideal for integration with other green HVAC strategies, amplifying the benefits of other measures. With high-efficiency boilers it reduces run times and peak loads, preventing costly investment in oversized, overpowered HVAC systems. With heat pumps more uniform temperature zones reduce the need for zone overrides and enable the pumps to run within their higher efficiency bands. When used with ERVs and DCV, improved zone temperature control allows ventilation strategies to be more precisely targeted to zones occupied by guests, saving heating and cooling energy. And when using renewable energy, it means a higher percentage of building energy can be met with on-site renewables.

De-stratification is usually inexpensive compared with equipment replacement. Typical installed cost ranges (very roughly) from a few hundred dollars for small ceiling fans to several thousand for HVLS fans and their controls.

Because savings accrue primarily in reduced heating runtime and improved comfort (fewer setpoint overrides), payback periods are often 6–36 months in the right spaces. A short payback makes de-stratification attractive as a near-term measure while planning larger capital upgrades.

In summary, thermal de-stratification will bring an immediate savings in energy and money in every case. A hotel can begin to implement basic de-stratification for a very small investment that pays almost immediate returns.

Thermal de-stratification is a pragmatic, cost-effective measure for environmentally friendly hotels. It’s a classic “low hanging fruit” retrofit - inexpensive, fast to install, minimal disruption, and immediately impactful for both budget and guest experience.

Mr. Halsall

Richard Halsall serves as the CEO of Exhale Fans, the creator of the most efficient HVAC delivery system produced by the world's only bladeless ceiling fan, designed to support the energy efficiency needs for offices, hotels, airports, data centers, restaurants, schools, homes and indoor spaces. Exhale Fans' technology, backed by Purdue University, produces air circulation throughout an entire room, as well as stabilizing the temperature in a room to a single value. Mr. Halsall has been instrumental in bringing Exhale Fans' product from conception to fruition, driving the company to unprecedented levels of success. In 2017, he fully immersed himself in the young company's pivot into large-scale production, which granted it the opportunity to introduce crucial new features that are now part of the flagship model EF-34 Exhale Fan. It was under his guidance that changes to all phases of business operations translated into the introduction of the 4th Generation EF-34, debuting in 2018. Most recently, Mr. Halsall guided the creation of the product's 5th Generation, debuting in 2025 and featuring substantial advancements that give users the cleanest and most seamless way to maintain human thermal comfort while saving 10% on HVAC energy costs, with no renovation to current installed systems required. Extended Biography & Contact Information

HotelExecutive retains the copyright to all articles published on HotelExecutive.com. Articles cannot be republished without prior written consent by HotelExecutive.

Other articles from this author

Choose a Social Network!

The social network you are looking for is not available.

Close

Terms & Conditions

The following are terms of a legal agreement ("Agreement") between you and HotelExecutive. By accessing, browsing and/or otherwise using this web site, HotelExecutive, you acknowledge that you have read, understood and agreed to be bound by these terms and conditions, and to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including U.S. export and re-export control laws and regulations. If you do not agree to all of these terms and conditions, you may not access, browse and/or use HotelExecutive. The material provided on HotelExecutive is protected by law, including, but not limited to, United States copyright law and international treaties.

These terms of access apply to your access to and use of HotelExecutive and do not alter in any way the terms and conditions of any other agreement you may have with HotelExecutive for products, software, services or otherwise, unless otherwise directed by HotelExecutive. If you breach any of these terms and conditions, your authorization to use HotelExecutive automatically terminates and you must immediately destroy any downloaded or printed materials and discontinue use of any hyperlinks to HotelExecutive.

1. USE RESTRICTIONS

Copyright. All Site materials, including, without limitation, text, pictures, graphics and other files and the selection and arrangement thereof are copyrighted materials of HotelExecutive © 1996-2016, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, or by the original creator of the material. Permission is granted to display and use the materials on HotelExecutive for private individual, educational and noncommercial use only, provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the materials. You may not, however, distribute, copy, reproduce, display, republish, download, or transmit any material on HotelExecutive for commercial use without prior written approval from HotelExecutive. You may not "mirror" any material contained on HotelExecutive on any other server without prior written permission from HotelExecutive. Any unauthorized use of any material contained on HotelExecutive may violate copyright laws, trademark laws, the laws of privacy and publicity and communications regulations and statutes.

Trademarks

The trademarks, service marks, trade names and logos (the "Trademarks") used and displayed on HotelExecutive are registered and unregistered Trademarks of HotelExecutive. In addition, all page headers, custom graphics, icons and scripts are service marks, trademarks and/or trade dress of HotelExecutive, and may not be copied, imitated or used, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of HotelExecutive. You acknowledge that the Trademarks used and displayed on HotelExecutive are and shall remain the sole property of HotelExecutive or the Trademark owner. Nothing in this Agreement shall confer any right of ownership of any of the Trademarks in you. Further, nothing in HotelExecutive shall be construed as granting, by implication, estoppel or otherwise any license or right to use any Trademark used or displayed on HotelExecutive, without the express written permission of HotelExecutive or the Trademark owner. The misuse of the trademarks displayed on HotelExecutive, or any other Content on HotelExecutive, is strictly prohibited.

Hyperlinks

You are granted a limited, nonexclusive right to create a hypertext link to HotelExecutive provided that such link is to the entry page of HotelExecutive and does not portray HotelExecutive or any of its products or services in a false, misleading, derogatory, or otherwise defamatory manner. This limited right may be revoked at any time for any reason whatsoever. You may not use framing techniques to enclose any Company trademark, logo or trade name or other proprietary information including the images found at HotelExecutive, the Content of any text or the layout/design of any page or any form contained on a page without HotelExecutive's express written consent. Links to third party sites on HotelExecutive are provided solely as convenience to you. If you use these links, you will leave HotelExecutive. HotelExecutive has not reviewed all of these third party sites and does not control and is not responsible for any of these sites, their Content or their policies, including, without limitation, privacy policies or lack thereof. HotelExecutive does not endorse or make any representations about third party sites or any information, software or other products or materials found there, or any results that may be obtained from using them. If you decide to access any of the third party sites linked to HotelExecutive, you do so entirely at your own risk. You acknowledge and agree that HotelExecutive shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by, or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such third party sites.

Downloadable Materials

Any software, including codes or other materials that are made available to download from HotelExecutive, is the copyrighted work of HotelExecutive and/or its suppliers and affiliates. If you download software from HotelExecutive, use of the software is subject to the license terms in the software license agreement that accompanies or is provided with the software. You may not download or install the software until you have read and accepted the terms of the applicable software license agreement. Without limiting the foregoing, copying or reproduction of the software to any other server or location for further reproduction or redistribution is expressly prohibited unless otherwise provided for in the applicable software license agreement in the case of software, or the express written consent of HotelExecutive in the case of codes or other downloadable materials.

Limited Access

Except as otherwise expressly permitted by HotelExecutive, any access or attempt to access other areas of HotelExecutive computer system or other information contained on the system for any purposes is strictly prohibited. You agree that you will not use any robot, spider, other automatic device, or manual process to "screen scrape," monitor, "mine," or copy the Web pages on HotelExecutive or the Content contained therein without HotelExecutive's prior, express, and written permission. You will not spam or send unsolicited e-mail to any other user of HotelExecutive for any reason. You agree that you will not use any device, software or routine to interfere or attempt to interfere with the proper working of HotelExecutive. You agree that you will not take any action that imposes an unreasonable or disproportionately large load on HotelExecutive's infrastructure.

Additional Use Restrictions

You shall not post, transmit, e-mail, re-transmit or store material on or through any of the services provided by HotelExecutive (the "Services") which, in the sole judgment of HotelExecutive: (i) is in violation of any local, state, federal or non-United States law or regulation, (ii) is threatening, obscene, indecent, defamatory or that otherwise could adversely affect any individual, group or entity (collectively, "Persons") or (iii) violates the rights of any person, including rights protected by copyright, trade secret, patent or other intellectual property or similar laws or regulations including, but not limited to, the installation or distribution of "pirated" or other unauthorized photos or software products that are not appropriately licensed for use by you. You shall be responsible for determining what laws or regulations are applicable to its use of the Services. In addition, you may only use the Services in a manner that, in HotelExecutive's sole judgment, is consistent with the purposes of such Services. If you are unsure of whether any contemplated use or action is permitted, please contact HotelExecutive at editor@HotelExecutive By way of example, and not limitation, the following uses described below of the Services are expressly prohibited:

A. upload, post, e-mail or otherwise transmit any information, data, text, software, music, sound, photographs, graphics, video, messages or other materials (collectively, "Content") that is unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, tortious, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, libelous, invasive of another's privacy, hateful, sexually intolerant or racially, ethnically or otherwise objectionable;

B. impersonate any person or entity, including, but not limited to, a Company official, forum leader, guide or host, or falsely state or otherwise misrepresent your affiliation with a person or entity;

C. forge headers or otherwise manipulate identifiers in order to disguise the origin of any Content transmitted through the Services or develop restricted or password-only access pages, or hidden pages or images (those not linked to from another accessible page);

D. upload, post, e-mail or otherwise transmit any Content that you do not have a right to transmit under any law or under contractual or fiduciary relationships such as inside information, proprietary and confidential information learned or disclosed as part of employment relationships or under nondisclosure agreements;

E. upload, post, e-mail or otherwise transmit any Content that infringes any patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright or other proprietary rights of any party;

F. upload, post, e-mail or otherwise transmit any unsolicited or unauthorized advertising, promotional materials, "junk mail," "spam," "chain letters," "pyramid schemes" or any other form of solicitation;

G. upload, post, e-mail or otherwise transmit any material that contains software viruses, worms or any other computer code, files or programs designed to interrupt, destroy or limit the functionality of any computer software or hardware or telecommunications equipment;

H. interfere with or disrupt the Services or servers or networks connected to the Services, or disobey any requirements, procedures, policies or regulations of networks connected to the Services;

I. intentionally or unintentionally violate any applicable local, state, national or international law, including, but not limited to, regulations promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, any rules of any national or other securities exchange, including, without limitation, the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ, and any regulations having the force of law;

J. 'stalk' or otherwise harass another user of HotelExecutive or Company employee or official;

K. promote or provide instructional information about illegal activities, promote physical harm or injury against any group or individual, or promote any act of cruelty to animals. This may include, but is not limited to, providing instructions on how to assemble bombs, grenades and other weapons, and creating "Crush" sites; and

L. effecting security breaches or disruptions of Internet communication. Security breaches include, but are not limited to, accessing data of which you are not an intended recipient or logging into a server or account that you are not expressly authorized to access.

M. advertising to, or soliciting any user of HotelExecutive to buy or sell any products or services through the unauthorized or impermissible use of the Services. You may not transmit any junk email or chain letters to other users. If you breach this Agreement and send unsolicited bulk email, instant messages or other unauthorized commercial communications of any kind through the Services, you acknowledge that you will have caused substantial harm to HotelExecutive, but that the amount of such harm would be extremely difficult to ascertain. As a reasonable estimation of such harm, you agree to pay HotelExecutive $500 for each such unsolicited email or other unauthorized commercial communication you send to each user through the Services.

2. DISCLAIMER WARRANTY

HotelExecutive, including all software, functions, materials, and information is provided "as is" without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. HotelExecutive disclaims all warranties, express or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties of non-infringement and implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement, title, merchantability of computer programs, data accuracy, system integration, and informational Content. HotelExecutive does not warrant or make any representations regarding the operation of HotelExecutive, the use, validity, accuracy or reliability of, or the results of the use of the materials on HotelExecutive or any other sites linked to HotelExecutive. The materials of HotelExecutive may be out of date, and HotelExecutive makes no commitment to update the materials at HotelExecutive. HotelExecutive does not and cannot guarantee or warrant that the files available for downloading from HotelExecutive, if any, will be free from infection, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, or other code that manifest contaminating or destructive properties. HotelExecutive does not warrant that HotelExecutive, software, materials, products, or services will be uninterrupted or error-free or that any defects in HotelExecutive, software, materials, products, or services will be corrected.

3. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

In no event will HotelExecutive, its suppliers or other third parties mentioned at or in HotelExecutive be liable for any damages, including, without limitation direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, damages resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption arising out of relating to the use, inability to use, or resulting from the use of HotelExecutive, any web sites linked to HotelExecutive, the materials, software or other information contained in any or all such sites, whether based on warranty, contracts, statutes, regulations, tort (including but not limited to, negligence) or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages. If your use of the materials or information from HotelExecutive results in the need for servicing, repair or correction of equipment or data, you assume all costs thereof.

4. REVISIONS TO THIS AGREEMENT

HotelExecutive may revise this Agreement at any time without notice by updating this posting. By using HotelExecutive you agree to be bound by any such revisions and should therefore periodically visit HotelExecutive and page to determine the then current Terms of Access and Use conditions of use to which you are bound.

5. TRANSMISSIONS

Any idea you transmit to or post on HotelExecutive by any means will be treated as non-confidential and non-proprietary and may be disseminated or used by HotelExecutive or its affiliates for any purpose whatsoever, including, but not limited to, developing and marketing products. You are prohibited from posting or transmitting to or from HotelExecutive any unlawful, threatening, libelous, defamatory, obscene, scandalous, inflammatory, pornographic, profane material or any other material, including but not limited to any material that could give rise to any civil or criminal liability under both domestic and international law.

6. YOUR WARRANTIES

You warrant to HotelExecutive that:

You are the sole owner of all rights in the materials posted or uploaded by you (including all related copyrights) or that you have the absolute right to license their use as provided in this section. While you will retain ownership of the copyright in the materials posted or uploaded by you, you agree that all materials posted or uploaded by you shall become part of a database, and that HotelExecutive will own the compilation copyright in that database. In addition, you hereby grant HotelExecutive a perpetual, worldwide, irrevocable license to use, reproduce, modify, publish, publicly perform, publically display and distribute such materials, and portions of such materials and any derivative works created from such materials, in print, electronic and other media, by any means now known or developed in the future. We may sublicense all of our rights and licenses or assign them to third parties. Neither HotelExecutive nor any third party using the materials in accordance with this section will be obligated to pay you any royalties or other compensation for use of the materials.

You will comply with these Terms of Access and Use including, without limitation, the USE RESTRICTIONS set out in Section 3 above;

You agree to indemnify and hold HotelExecutive harmless from any claim or damages (including any legal fees in relation to same) made by a third party in respect of any matter in relation to or arising from your use and/or membership arising from any breach or suspected breach of these Terms of Access and Use by you or your violation of any law or the rights of any third party.

7. ACTIONS WE MAY TAKE AT OUR SOLE DISCRETION

HotelExecutive may take any or all of the following actions at our sole discretion:

Remove any member profile (including photographs) or other material that, in our sole discretion may be inappropriate or we suspect to be illegal, subject us to liability or which may violate these Terms of Access and Use or where required to do so by law;

Issue members with verbal or written warnings and may take such further action as we deem appropriate if such warnings are not heeded;

Suspend or terminate a member's access to the members's area of HotelExecutive or a member's account without notice at any time;

Inform the appropriate authorities and provide them with information regarding any suspected illegal activity; or bring legal action against a member or other user of HotelExecutive in relation to any breach of these Terms of Access and Use or any illegal or suspected illegal activity.

8. GOOD SAMARITAN CONTENT AND COMPLAINT PROCEDURES POLICY

A. Policy

We have provided opportunities for you to contribute Content to our Site. It is our policy, however, not to allow any Content which may constitute intellectual property infringement; violations of federal, state, or local law; obscene or defamatory material, or may otherwise be unacceptable or inappropriate. Upon learning of such Content, we will attempt, and you hereby give HotelExecutive the right, to delete, edit, remove, disable, change, or restrict access to or the availability of the Content, which in our sole discretion, is otherwise unacceptable or objectionable. We may or may not notify you about what action we take with respect to the disputed Content. The provisions of this section are intended to implement this policy but are not in any way intended to impose a contractual obligation upon us to undertake, or refrain from undertaking, any particular course of conduct.

B. Complaint Procedures

If you believe that another user or other third party has posted Content which violates this policy or specifically the USE RESTRICTIONS in Section 3 above, you may notify HotelExecutive via e-mail at editor@HotelExecutive . In order to allow HotelExecutive to respond effectively, please provide HotelExecutive with as much information as possible in your correspondence, including: (1) the nature of the right infringed or violated (including any applicable registration numbers of the federally-registered intellectual property allegedly infringed), if applicable, or the unacceptable or inappropriate Content; (2) all facts which lead you to believe that a right has been violated or infringed, if applicable; (3) the precise location where the offending Content is located; (4) any grounds to believe that the party or user which posted the Content was not authorized to do so or did not have a valid defense (including the defense of fair use), if applicable; (5) if known, the identity of the party or user who posted the infringing, offending, or inappropriate Content; and (6) in the case of alleged copyright infringement claims, information sufficient to identify the work and your claims to ownership.

C. Indemnification/Waiver of Certain Rights

By contacting HotelExecutive and complaining of an alleged violation, you agree that the substance of your complaint shall constitute a representation made under the pains and penalties of perjury pursuant to the laws of the State of California. In addition, you agree, at your own expense, to defend and indemnify HotelExecutive and hold HotelExecutive harmless against all claims which may be asserted against HotelExecutive, and all losses incurred, as a result of your complaint and/or our response to it.

D. Waiver of Claims and Remedies

We expect all users of our Site to take responsibility for their own actions and cannot and do not assume liability for any acts of third parties which take place at our Site. By utilizing the Good Samaritan procedures set forth herein, you waive any and all claims or remedies which you might otherwise be able to assert against hotelexecutive under any theory of law (including, but not limited to, intellectual property laws) that arise out of or relate in any way to the content at hotelexecutive or our response, or failure to respond, to a complaint.

E. Investigation/Liability Limitation

You agree that we have the right, but not the obligation, to investigate any complaint received. By reserving this right, we do not undertake any responsibility in fact to investigate complaints or to remove, edit, disable or restrict access to or the availability of Content. We will not act on complaints that we believe, in our sole discretion, to be deficient, incomplete, or otherwise questionable. If you believe that Content remains on HotelExecutive which violates your rights, Your sole and exclusive remedy shall be against the user or other party responsible for said content, not against HotelExecutive. your sole and exclusive remedy against HotelExecutive shall be to terminate your use of HotelExecutive and service.

Digital Millennium Copyright Act Compliance. As set forth in Subsection (b), you must contact our agent if you believe that a work protected by a U.S. Copyright which you own has been posted on our Site without authorization or that our Site, in some material way, contributes to its infringement. It is our policy in appropriate circumstances, if possible, to terminate the access rights of repeat infringers and other users who use HotelExecutive in an inappropriate or objectionable manner.

9. COOPERATION WITH LAW ENFORCEMENT

HotelExecutive reserves the right to fully cooperate with any law enforcement authorities or court order requesting or directing HotelExecutive to disclose the identity or other information regarding any user or member alleged by any governmental entity to be using HotelExecutive or any Content or materials available in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive in violation of any law or regulation, or in violation of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the posting of e-mail messages, or publishing or otherwise making available any such materials. By accepting this agreement you waive and hold harmless HotelExecutive from any claims resulting from any action by HotelExecutive during, or as a result of, its investigations, and from any actions taken as a consequence of investigations by either HotelExecutive or law enforcement authorities

10. APPLICABLE LAWS, VENUE, JURISDICTION & MANDATORY ARBITRATION

If any provision(s) of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be contrary to law, then such provision(s) shall be construed, as nearly as possible, to reflect the intentions of the parties with the other provisions remaining in full force and effect. HotelExecutive's failure to exercise or enforce any right or provision of this Agreement shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision unless acknowledged and agreed to by HotelExecutive in writing. The section titles in this Agreement are solely used for the convenience of the parties and have no legal or contractual significance. This Agreement may be assigned in whole or in part by HotelExecutive. This Agreement may not be assigned in any manner by you without the express, prior written permission of HotelExecutive.

Any and all disputes or controversies of any kind, including but not limited to any performance, duty, obligation or liability arising under or related to this Agreement which are not first resolved informally, shall be determined by binding arbitration in San Francisco, California, in accordance with the rules of the American Arbitration Association. The final award in any such arbitration proceeding shall be subject to entry as a judgment by any court or competent jurisdiction, provided that such judgment does not conflict with the terms and provisions hereof. The jurisdiction of the arbiter (or arbiters) with respect to legal matters shall be limited only by the statutory and common law of the State of California and the United States.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all disputes, which the parties cannot informally resolve, regarding the scope of issues or matter with the jurisdiction of the arbitrator, shall be resolved by a separate dispute resolution process whereby HotelExecutive, in its sole discretion shall elect the dispute to be resolved by either (1) a court of competent jurisdiction in the State of California or (2) a panel of three new arbitrators.

This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California notwithstanding any conflict of laws provisions. You and HotelExecutive agree that the venue for all legal disputes, controversies, actions of any kind arising under or related to this Agreement shall be San Francisco, California. You and HotelExecutive further agree that in case of any litigation regarding this Agreement, you irrevocably and unconditionally (i) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts in the County of San Francisco, California for any litigation or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, (ii) agree not to commence any litigation arising out of or relating to this Agreement except in the California Courts, (iii) agree not to plead or claim that such litigation brought therein has been brought in an inconvenient forum, and (iv) agree the California Courts represent the exclusive jurisdiction for all litigation relating to this Agreement.

11. MEMBERSHIP FEES

Hotel Business Review Subscriptions

If you choose to purchase a subscription, member subscription payments can be made in U.S. Dollars, as well as a variety of international currencies. Membership terms are Annual Recurring, and Monthly Recurring. The Annual Recurring subscription is an annual commitment and subscribers will be charged each consecutive billing cycle. Annual Recurring subscriptions can be cancelled after the first billing cycle and within 30-days of the billing date for a full refund. Monthly Recurring subscriptions are ongoing and subscribers will be charged each consecutive monthly billing cycle. Monthly Recurring subscriptions can be cancelled after the first month and within 7 days of the monthly billing cycle for a full refund.

12. PAYMENT AUTHORIZATION

Payment for the services provided to you in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive may be made by automatic credit card, debit card, direct debit, bankwire or Paypal and other approved payment means offered in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive, and you hereby authorize HotelExecutive and its agents to transact such payments on your behalf.

You hereby authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to charge your credit card to pay for your membership to HotelExecutive. You further authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to charge your credit card for any and all purchases of products, services in association with HotelExecutive. You agree to be personally liable for all charges incurred by you in association with your access or other use of any content provided by HotelExecutive or any third party in association with HotelExecutive. You acknowledge and agree that your liability for all such charges shall continue after termination of your access or any type of membership arrangement with HotelExecutive.

In the event that you have chosen to have your membership automatically rebilled, unless and until you notify HotelExecutive that you wish to cancel or terminate your membership to HotelExecutive, you hereby agree and authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to automatically renew your membership to HotelExecutive on a continuing basis and to charge your credit card (or other payment means you have selected) to pay for the ongoing cost of your membership. You hereby further authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to charge your credit card (or other approved payment means you have selected) for any and all purchases of products, services and entertainment provided to in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive.

13. PRIVACY POLICY

The following is the Privacy Policy for HotelExecutive

We can be reached via telephone, email, or online at our contact page. When you visit our site we do not log any information regarding your domain or email address. Information Sharing: We do not share user information with any third parties other than via press release distribution as described below.

Hotel Newswire is a newswire service that distributes press releases on behalf of our users. If you decide to submit a press release for distribution through our system we will transmit your entire press release including any personal information therein contained to our media contacts and online distribution points including search engines. This is the only redistribution of your information that we engage in. Your submission of press releases through our system indicates consent with this policy. The information we collect during your registration process is used to notify users about updates to our service and inform users of any special events hosted by Hotel Newswire. This information is not shared with other organizations for commercial or non-commercial purposes.

Cookies: Our system requires the use of cookies to enable the user to log back into our website to access information from the newswire, without having to log in each time using the required username and password.

If you do not want to receive email from us in the future, please let us know by following instructions included in our communication with you. Users who supply us with telephone numbers online may receive telephone contact from us regarding their account, or informing them of new products and services available on the HotelExecutive website. If you do not wish to receive such telephone calls, please edit your account and remove your phone number from your account profile. This can be done from your user account menu.

Ad Servers: We do not partner with or have any relationship with any ad server companies. From time to time, we may use customer information for new uses not previously disclosed in our privacy notice. If our information practices change at any time, we will post the policy changes to our website to notify you of these changes and provide you with the ability to opt out of these new uses. If you are concerned about how your information is used, you should check back at our website periodically.

Upon request we provide site visitors with access to all information (including proprietary information) that we maintain about them. Users can access this information by logging in to their account.

Security: We always use industry-standard encryption technologies while transferring and receiving user data exchanged with our site. We have appropriate security measures in place in our physical facilities to protect against the loss, misuse, or alteration of information that we have collected from you on our site. We do not store credit card information in our systems.

If you feel that this site is not following its stated information policy, you may contact us.

Jeff Josephson
Ronnie Cox
Frank Speranza
Wei Wei
Ahmed Mahmoud
Fabio Zaniboni
Susan Sanders
Richard Garcia
Alexander Mirza
Roger Allen
Haley Payne
Leo Tonkin
Mia A. Mackman
Coming up in March 1970...