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The Popularity of Mobile Apps Underscores Connectivity Requirements

By Tracy Ford Vice President Member Services, Wireless Infrastructure Association | October 2025

We are a mobile-first society. So much so that when people are getting ready to book travel, they turn to their smartphone to find airline flights and hotel reservations, compare prices and check availability. Flights are booked and hotel reservations made through apps. Once travelers have landed at the airport, transportation to their destination is ordered via a mobile app.

Upon arrival at the hotel, they might use their phones to check in, make dinner reservations and order cleaning services. Upon departure, they may use their app to ensure that their loyalty program points were successfully updated, the receipt is emailed and their company expenses are filed.

All of this requires a strong underlying communications infrastructure. The app doesn’t work unless the phone works. And the phone relies on a strong wireless infrastructure network. But even today, challenges remain to get cellular signals inside buildings. Deploying distributed antenna systems (DAS) and increasingly private wireless networks can mitigate these obstructions.

Physical Challenges

Commercial buildings are typically constructed from steel, glass and concrete, which can significantly block higher frequency radio signals. Energy-efficient windows, for example, prevent radiofrequency signals from penetrating indoors.

“A combination of higher frequency 5G spectrum (which struggles to penetrate buildings), newer construction materials like low-emissivity (low-E) glass, and the sunsetting of legacy 2G and 3G networks has deepened indoor coverage challenges,” said Bryan Darr, Vice President of Government Affairs at Ookla, which tests a wide variety of both wireless and fixed network performance metrics. “Meanwhile, mobile data usage continues to concentrate indoors, and networks built to prioritize outdoor coverage often don’t deliver the performance users now expect inside buildings. Both consumers and property owners will benefit from more focus on ensuring consistent indoor connectivity standards.”

Indeed, 80 percent of data traffic on smartphones takes place indoors, according to some estimates. Wi-Fi, DAS and new 5G private wireless networks all can be deployed indoors and throughout campus venues to bring connectivity inside and in places where the cellular signal is hard to reach. Wi-Fi and in-building cellular networks should be viewed as complementary to one another. Each technology provides different benefits and meets a specific set of needs. Wi-Fi technology was designed to provide data connectivity in small areas, which it does well. But Wi-Fi can struggle to handle the capacity needed in large venues.

Earlier this year WIA President and CEO Patrick Halley toured the recent upgrades made to venues in New Orleans ahead of the Super Bowl. “Verizon actively encouraged its customers to use its 5G cellular network instead of the stadium’s Wi-Fi system, citing better, more reliable performance,” Halley said. Further, Wi-Fi networks typically do not have the same security and manageability compared to 4G LTE and 5G cellular networks.

There is no “one-size-fits-all” in-building wireless solution for enterprises as each business has its own connectivity requirements. One hospitality venue may boast large meeting rooms or be attached to a convention center, catering to the business community. In some cases, a full-fledged, neutral-host DAS might be the best option. In boutique, smaller venues, a small cell architecture using operator-owned spectrum may be the better option.

Various Solutions Available Today

Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS)

DAS is one of the most common in-building wireless technologies used to extend cellular coverage throughout large buildings. It involves a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common radio source, enhancing signal strength in hard-to-reach areas such as basements and stairwells. A distributed antenna system is used to get wireless signal coverage to otherwise unserviceable areas. It places several smaller, less-powerful antennas in different locations instead of one large, powerful antenna. Cables connect the smaller antennas back to a single signal source.

Small Cells

Small cells are low-power cellular nodes that provide coverage in specific locations where signals are weak or capacity is needed. They are highly efficient in high-density environments like stadiums, offices and shopping malls. It can be deployed indoors or outdoors, and in licensed, shared or unlicensed spectrum.

Small cells deliver high-quality, secure cellular coverage indoors and out, complementing the macro network to improve coverage, add targeted capacity, and support new services and user experiences. There are various types of small cell, with varying ranges, power levels and form factors, according to use case. The smallest units are for indoor residential use; the largest are urban or rural outdoor picocells.

Private Networks

U.S. mobile network operators (MNOs) offer public services on their 4G and 5G networks to a broad range of businesses and consumers. Today operators are increasingly offering those services to customers on private networks. A private cellular network enables a company to use the same network technology as the operators but for a private, closed network, where the use of the network is limited to a specific group of people, employees and/or devices. A private cellular network may be interconnected to commercial cellular networks so that users of the private network can maintain a connection as they move away from the private network.

Private networks are not new, but what has changed recently is the availability of Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS), 150 megahertz of spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band. With CBRS, virtually anyone can purchase network equipment from a number of companies, own (or lease access to) a (virtual) Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and set up their own, self-contained, private LTE network.

Today enterprises have a choice – they can work with a wireless operator (and many choose to do so for a variety of reasons) or use CBRS spectrum independently. In the hospitality space, CBRS can be an important tool in the tool chest that can be used on its own or in tandem with cellular, Wi-Fi and other network solutions to provide reliable communications to the public, employees and machines. Most of the mobile applications available on cellular devices today are successful because they use 4G and 5G protocols, which offer much faster speeds, among other things, than previous generations of cellular.

Financial Trends in Connectivity

While hoteliers understand the importance of connectivity, business models have changed. In the past, cellular operators funded in-building wireless systems, such as DAS, ensuring robust cellular connectivity within hotel properties. However, in recent years, operators have significantly curtailed their spending on in-building wireless network upgrades, including the transition from 4G LTE to 5G. Hotels that previously benefited from operator-sponsored installations are now bearing the financial responsibility of network upgrades. This reduction in funding is particularly impactful as guest and operational demands for seamless connectivity continue to grow.

Within the last year, this model has evolved yet again, said Perry Welch, Chief Sales Officer at Airwavz, a systems integrator of DAS networks. “Now, unless the project is of the magnitude of the Republican National Convention, Democratic National Convention, Super Bowl, or World Cup, carriers no longer provide funding for radio sources, leaving integrators and building owners to shoulder the costs for both the network buildout and the acquisition of the radio source.”

Timing becomes especially important now that this dynamic has emerged. It takes nine to 12 months to design and procure an in-building network. Carriers are three years out on their macro network planning and site identification, Perry noted.

In-Building Connectivity Enables New Experiences, Opportunities

Wi-Fi remains the backbone of hospitality connectivity. Its ubiquity, versatility and ongoing advancements through Wi-Fi 6 and 7 have cemented its role in both guest-facing services and operational needs. Despite this reliance on Wi-Fi, in-building wireless systems—including private wireless networks—offer distinct advantages in productivity, efficiency and guest satisfaction. The interplay between these technologies is shaping the future of connectivity in the hospitality sector. Many hotels are using private cellular networks to supplement existing Wi-Fi for building security and monitoring, guest services, entertainment and smart-building applications.

In-building wireless systems, including private wireless networks, offer unique advantages that can transform hotel operations and guest experiences. Key use cases include:

Seamless Connectivity: In-building systems provide high-speed, reliable internet access throughout hotel properties, meeting the needs of business travelers, conference attendees and digital nomads.
Smart Room Experiences: Internet-enabled controls for lighting, temperature and entertainment personalize the guest experience, enhancing comfort and convenience.
Staff Communication: Private wireless networks facilitate secure communication among hotel staff, enabling faster response times and streamlined operations.
Operational Efficiency: Connected devices improve energy management, predictive maintenance and inventory tracking, reducing costs while enhancing service quality.
Hybrid Events: In-building wireless systems support digital transformation in events, allowing for real-time streaming, remote participation and enhanced attendee engagement.

Planning for In-Building Connectivity

Much of the cost of deploying in-building connectivity can be defrayed by including plans for licensed and lightly licensed connectivity into the process early on in the design stage for new buildings or during planned renovations to an existing building. It is easier to run the necessary fiber, antennas and other equipment when ceilings, floors and walls are exposed. In existing buildings, adding wireless infrastructure should be included during remodeling efforts or as stand-alone service. Designers who think ahead about the venue’s connectivity needs can plan ahead accordingly to make the process less costly.

Beyond budget, other things to keep in mind when choosing an in-building solution are:

Fiber availability throughout the building
Cabling pathways
Physical space to house equipment
The building’s aesthetics
Power requirements

As with any technology upgrades, installation of these systems within buildings can present a number of considerations. While each venue is unique, they generally have common design, approval and construction issues. While small-cell installations may take up less space than a DAS, the general principles apply to any in-building installation. Upfront preparation, thoughtful design and continued project support can save significant installation time, improve design efficiency and reduce costs even in the most difficult project environments.

Depending on size of the building(s)/venue and the number of wireless carriers connecting to the DAS, having a common equipment space for the head-end equipment is critical. When an available space is reviewed, it should consider a number of design aspects. Locating equipment in existing IT rooms and closets can be an option. However, the building IT department will need to review and understand future space and resource requirements for both the building IT and DAS/private network equipment. Often these spaces end up on mechanical, basement or parking levels, which can pose a number of environmental issues. The design in these areas should be reviewed carefully to mitigate issues like moisture and dust.

Conclusion

The hospitality and lodging industry has embraced connectivity, using everything from contactless entry and pay-at-table applications on guest-facing initiatives to back-of-house operations to increase efficiencies and communicate better. Innovations driven by COVID-19 precautions today have transitioned to simply being part of guest expectations. People want to be able to use their devices whenever and wherever they want. Connectivity throughout hotel facilities is no longer something that is nice to have, but something that people require.

Mobile connectivity is not slowing any time soon. Artificial intelligence – across all industries – is driving more data to our handsets. That data depends on robust connectivity, including indoors. In turn, that connectivity is driving more innovation to the hotel and lodging sector.

Ms. Ford

Tracy Ford is Vice President, Member Services at the Wireless Infrastructure Association, and guides membership initiatives for the association. These initiatives include the In-Building Forum, which focuses on connectivity indoors and across campus venues; the Infrastructure Developers Forum, which is comprised of entrepreneurial infrastructure providers and the capital firms that finance them; the Innovation and Technology Council, which is the forum for forecasting the future of the wireless industry, and more. Ms. Ford has spent more than two decades covering the rapidly changing wireless industry, tracking its changes as it grew from a voice-centric marketplace to the dynamic data-intensive industry it is today. She started her technology journalism career at RCR Wireless News and has held a number of titles there, including associate publisher and executive editor. Ms. Ford joined the Wireless Infrastructure Association (WIA) in 2012. WIA represents the businesses that build, develop, own, and operate the nation's wireless infrastructure. WIA advocates for the widespread, responsible deployment of wireless infrastructure to enable connectivity everywhere. Extended Biography & Contact Information

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11. MEMBERSHIP FEES

Hotel Business Review Subscriptions

If you choose to purchase a subscription, member subscription payments can be made in U.S. Dollars, as well as a variety of international currencies. Membership terms are Annual Recurring, and Monthly Recurring. The Annual Recurring subscription is an annual commitment and subscribers will be charged each consecutive billing cycle. Annual Recurring subscriptions can be cancelled after the first billing cycle and within 30-days of the billing date for a full refund. Monthly Recurring subscriptions are ongoing and subscribers will be charged each consecutive monthly billing cycle. Monthly Recurring subscriptions can be cancelled after the first month and within 7 days of the monthly billing cycle for a full refund.

12. PAYMENT AUTHORIZATION

Payment for the services provided to you in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive may be made by automatic credit card, debit card, direct debit, bankwire or Paypal and other approved payment means offered in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive, and you hereby authorize HotelExecutive and its agents to transact such payments on your behalf.

You hereby authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to charge your credit card to pay for your membership to HotelExecutive. You further authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to charge your credit card for any and all purchases of products, services in association with HotelExecutive. You agree to be personally liable for all charges incurred by you in association with your access or other use of any content provided by HotelExecutive or any third party in association with HotelExecutive. You acknowledge and agree that your liability for all such charges shall continue after termination of your access or any type of membership arrangement with HotelExecutive.

In the event that you have chosen to have your membership automatically rebilled, unless and until you notify HotelExecutive that you wish to cancel or terminate your membership to HotelExecutive, you hereby agree and authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to automatically renew your membership to HotelExecutive on a continuing basis and to charge your credit card (or other payment means you have selected) to pay for the ongoing cost of your membership. You hereby further authorize HotelExecutive's Internet Payment Service Provider to charge your credit card (or other approved payment means you have selected) for any and all purchases of products, services and entertainment provided to in, at, through or in association with HotelExecutive.

13. PRIVACY POLICY

The following is the Privacy Policy for HotelExecutive

We can be reached via telephone, email, or online at our contact page. When you visit our site we do not log any information regarding your domain or email address. Information Sharing: We do not share user information with any third parties other than via press release distribution as described below.

Hotel Newswire is a newswire service that distributes press releases on behalf of our users. If you decide to submit a press release for distribution through our system we will transmit your entire press release including any personal information therein contained to our media contacts and online distribution points including search engines. This is the only redistribution of your information that we engage in. Your submission of press releases through our system indicates consent with this policy. The information we collect during your registration process is used to notify users about updates to our service and inform users of any special events hosted by Hotel Newswire. This information is not shared with other organizations for commercial or non-commercial purposes.

Cookies: Our system requires the use of cookies to enable the user to log back into our website to access information from the newswire, without having to log in each time using the required username and password.

If you do not want to receive email from us in the future, please let us know by following instructions included in our communication with you. Users who supply us with telephone numbers online may receive telephone contact from us regarding their account, or informing them of new products and services available on the HotelExecutive website. If you do not wish to receive such telephone calls, please edit your account and remove your phone number from your account profile. This can be done from your user account menu.

Ad Servers: We do not partner with or have any relationship with any ad server companies. From time to time, we may use customer information for new uses not previously disclosed in our privacy notice. If our information practices change at any time, we will post the policy changes to our website to notify you of these changes and provide you with the ability to opt out of these new uses. If you are concerned about how your information is used, you should check back at our website periodically.

Upon request we provide site visitors with access to all information (including proprietary information) that we maintain about them. Users can access this information by logging in to their account.

Security: We always use industry-standard encryption technologies while transferring and receiving user data exchanged with our site. We have appropriate security measures in place in our physical facilities to protect against the loss, misuse, or alteration of information that we have collected from you on our site. We do not store credit card information in our systems.

If you feel that this site is not following its stated information policy, you may contact us.